Press Release Summary = Definition: The negative logarithm of hydrogen ions in a
solution.
Press Release Body = What is pH?
pH is one of the most common analyses in soil and water testing. An indication of
the sample’s acidity, pH is actually a measurement of the activity of hydrogen ions
in the sample.
pH measurements run on a scale from 0-14, with 7.0 considered neutral. Those
solutions with a pH below 7.0 are considered acids, and those above 7.0 are
designated bases. The pH scale is logarithmic, so a one unit change in pH actually
reflects a ten-fold change in the acidity. For instance, orange juice (pH 4) is ten
times more acidic than cottage cheese, which has a pH of 5.
Many industries rely heavily on pH for their processes to work properly, or to
maintain expensive equipment. Breweries maintain the pH between 4.2 and 4.6 to keep
infectious bacteria from breeding during the fermentation process. In many
industrial applications, if the pH is too low the water may corrode metal equipment,
but if it is too high scaling may result.
pH can be measured visually or electronically. Visual comparisons use a pH indicator
whose color change reflects the pH, which is then matched to a color
standard. pH meters, such as the pH 5, simplify the pH test. A probe is placed in
the sample, and the pH is read directly from the meter.
While the meter is very easy to use, the electronics within the meter are more
complex. After the pH probe measures the millivolts of potential between the
reference electrode and the pH electrode, the meter converts this reading to pH
units using the Nernst Equation:
where Ex
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